Our continuous coverage of Hurricane Idalia is about to start on our YouTube channel, and a phone-in will also be available where you can call in to the stream.
Stream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQp3ZunLQrM
Phone-in: Join on Discord

Idalia is a very dangerous storm, and we hope you can support us through broadcasting this event by taking part, helping with information, and sharing our stream!

Hurricane Idalia and Typhoon Saola Live Coverage - Force Thirteen

Hurricane Idalia is expected to make a catastrophic landfall in the morning along the Big Bend area of Florida. A storm surge of 15 feet is possible, and could decimate the coastal communities in and around Cedar Key, Steinhatchee and further north. Idalia is strengthening, and is expected to be at least a Category 3 at landfall, but storm surge...

Live Coverage will begin on Hurricane Idalia and Typhoon Saola at 21z - 5pm EDT - 5am PHT
We will be running a Phone-In format on our Tropical Stage, where you can "call in" to the stream.

Stream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQp3ZunLQrM
Phone-in: Join on Discord

This is possibly going to be the biggest event of the year, and we need all the support we can get for overnight coverage into tomorrow morning. Please share far and wide and hope to see you there. Any questions please message me or my team.

Hurricane Idalia and Typhoon Saola Live Coverage - Force Thirteen

Support us by using all of our outlets below! ↓

Become a Channel Member ► https://www.youtube.com/forcethirteen/join
Become a Patron ► https://www.patreon.com/forcethirteen
View our Merchandise Store ► https://teespring.com/stores/force-thirteen
Join our Discord Server ► Join on Discord
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Live updates on Saola and the Atlantic to follow at 22z this evening. We will ping closer to the time

👉 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ds1DexF_MB8

Typhoon Saola and Atlantic hurricane developments - August 26, 2023

Support us by using all of our outlets below! ↓

Become a Channel Member ► https://www.youtube.com/forcethirteen/join
Become a Patron ► https://www.patreon.com/forcethirteen
View our Merchandise Store ► https://teespring.com/stores/force-thirteen
Join our Discord Server ► Join on Discord
Follow us on Facebook ► https://www.faceb...

Here is the Google form for Mod performance rankings. Every response will be anonymous. The rating goes from 1 to 5 with 1 being poor performance and 5 being the best performance. There is also a section where you can write feedback on each moderator's performance or moderation as a whole. Only 1 response per person so rank truthfully. Thanks : 3
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDsDN8e2d_C-opy9quNjXdC36PkHDjRriTlYqpiCdQyMLXcA/viewform?usp=sf_link

Moderator Performance Rankings

Hilary in California - Live Coverage in 1 hour

Join in and support our stream, and feel free to send in your own images and video to our team through Discord or by tagging us on Twitter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioICug7r06k

Hilary in California - Live Coverage August 20, 2023

Support us by using all of our outlets below! ↓

Become a Channel Member ► https://www.youtube.com/forcethirteen/join
Become a Patron ► https://www.patreon.com/forcethirteen
View our Merchandise Store ► https://teespring.com/stores/force-thirteen
Join our Discord Server ► Join on Discord
Follow us on Facebook ► https://www.faceb...

Hurricane Hilary - Live Coverage and Discussion on the storm's major threats to Baja California and flooding in the US Southwest.

👉 Starts at 5pm PDT!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfk_ln0O6EA

Hurricane Hilary Live Coverage - Major Flooding Threat

Hurricane Hilary is blowing up in size, and large parts of the western United States are expecting serious flooding issues, particularly in southern California and Nevada. The storm is expected to strike central Baja as a Category 1, and press on into California as a tropical storm. Strong winds will affect the areas but with Hilary's motion spe...

1967 – UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal.

1969 – The Troubles: British troops are deployed in Northern Ireland as political and sectarian violence breaks out, marking the start of the 37-year Operation Banner.

1971 – Bahrain declares independence from Britain.

1972 – An Ilyushin Il-62 airliner crashes near Königs Wusterhausen, East Germany killing 156 people.

1980 – Lech Wałęsa leads strikes at the Gdańsk, Poland shipyards.

Modern World

1994 – Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, also known as "Carlos the Jackal", is captured.

1996 – Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou is shot and killed by a Turkish security officer while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus.

2003 – A widescale power blackout affects the northeast United States and Canada.

2005 – Helios Airways Flight 522, en route from Larnaca, Cyprus to Prague, Czech Republic via Athens, crashes in the hills near Grammatiko, Greece, killing 121 passengers and crew.

2006 – Lebanon War: A ceasefire takes effect three days after the United Nations Security Council’s approval of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701, formally ending hostilities between Lebanon and Israel.

2006 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sixty-one schoolgirls killed in Chencholai bombing by Sri Lankan Air Force air strike.

2007 – The Kahtaniya bombings kills at least 500 people.

2013 – Egypt declares a state of emergency as security forces kill hundreds of demonstrators supporting former president Mohamed Morsi.

2015 – The US Embassy in Havana, Cuba re-opens after 54 years of being closed when Cuba–United States relations were broken off.

2021 – A magnitude 7.2 earthquake strikes southwestern Haiti, killing at least 2,248 people and causing a humanitarian crisis.

2022 – An explosion destroys a market in Armenia, killing six people and injuring dozens.

Featured

1947, Pakistan gains independence from the British Empire.

Pakistan came into existence as a result of the Pakistan Movement, which aimed for the creation of an independent Muslim state in the north-western regions of British India via partition.

@📆 TODAY IN HISTORY
Aug 14

Ancient World

74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan.

29 BC – Octavian holds the second of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.

Middle Ages

1040 – King Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth. The latter succeeds him as King of Scotland.

1183 – Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan.

1264 – After tricking the Venetian galley fleet into sailing east to the Levant, the Genoese capture an entire Venetian trade convoy at the Battle of Saseno.

1352 – War of the Breton Succession: Anglo-Bretons defeat the French in the Battle of Mauron.

1370 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, grants city privileges to Karlovy Vary.

1385 – Portuguese Crisis of 1383–85: Battle of Aljubarrota: Portuguese forces commanded by John I of Portugal defeat the Castilian army of John I of Castile.

Early Modern World

1592 – The first sighting of the Falkland Islands by John Davis.

1598 – Nine Years' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford: Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.

1720 – The Spanish military Villasur expedition is defeated by Pawnee and Otoe warriors near present-day Columbus, Nebraska.

Revolutionary Age

1784 – Russian colonization of North America: Awa’uq Massacre: The Russian fur trader Grigory Shelikhov storms a Kodiak Island Alutiit refuge rock on Sitkalidak Island, killing 500+ Alutiit.

1790 – The Treaty of Wereloe ended the 1788–1790 Russo-Swedish War.

1791 – Slaves from plantations in Saint-Domingue hold a Vodou ceremony led by houngan Dutty Boukman at Bois Caïman, marking the start of the Haitian Revolution.

1814 – A cease fire agreement, called the Convention of Moss, ended the Swedish–Norwegian War.

1816 – The United Kingdom formally annexes the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, administering the islands from the Cape Colony in South Africa.

1842 – American Indian Wars: Second Seminole War ends, with the Seminoles forced from Florida.

1848 – Oregon Territory is organized by act of Congress.

1880 – Construction of Cologne Cathedral, the most famous landmark in Cologne, Germany, is completed.

1885 – Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint.

1893 – France becomes the first country to introduce motor vehicle registration.

1900 – Battle of Peking: The Eight-Nation Alliance occupies Beijing, China, in a campaign to end the bloody Boxer Rebellion in China.

1901 – The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21.

World Wars

1914 – World War I: Start of the Battle of Lorraine, an unsuccessful French offensive.

1917 – World War I: The Republic of China, which had heretofore been shipping labourers to Europe to assist in the war effort, officially declares war on the Central Powers, although it will continue to send to Europe labourers instead of combatants for the remaining duration of the war.

1920 – The 1920 Summer Olympics, having started four months earlier, officially open in Antwerp, Belgium, with the newly-adopted Olympic flag and the Olympic oath being raised and taken at the Opening Ceremony for the first time in Olympic history.

1921 – Tannu Uriankhai, later Tuvan People's Republic is established as a completely independent country (which is supported by Soviet Russia).

1936 – Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last known public execution in the United States.

1941 – World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims.

Cold War

1947 – Pakistan gains independence from the British Empire.
.

Hello

We've been pretty blindsided recently by videos that outperformed and subscriber surges, meaning that instead of the expected date of September 12, we are in all likelihood actually going to reach 100k on YouTube TOMORROW. So this is a fairly rushed call to action and opportunity for you to take part in a big moment for our history. If you would like to record a message, as creative as you like, please send it directly to me. I expect that we will have less than 24 hours to do this and compile it for a special video tomorrow evening.

If we do reach the milestone before Sunday, F13 Sundays will take the form of a 100K Q&A, which will take place on the Force Thirteen Main Stage on Sunday at 22z. Bearing in mind that we may still be in Code Red by then, it may spill over into a live Tropical Weather Bulletin

In addition, on August 1st we started a 100K special lottery for our contributors and Ultimate Fans, who all have a chance to win a jackpot prize that we're putting up to celebrate the event. From August, all Ultimate Fan contributions that we receive will go towards the jackpot. The value currently stands at $1,182, and every dollar from Ultimate Fans will correspond to one "ticket" and a chance to win the jackpot. If you sign up, you don't have to do anything, we'll reveal the results on our September 1st livestream. Our Contributors will all have one free ticket per month. The chances of winning from a single ticket are 1/10,000, and so we may be running these special events for several months before a winner is found, and the fund will rollover if nobody wins in that month.

Hope you're all well, and it would be great to see you on Stage on this upcoming event 🙂

https://youtu.be/dk2BW0O99Oo

The Track of Cyclone Freddy (2023)

Cyclone Freddy was the fourth named tropical cyclone of the 2022-23 Australian Cyclone Season, and the second very intense tropical cyclone of the 2022-23 Southwest Indian Ocean Cyclone Season.

Freddy was an extremely unique and rare system breaking many tropical cyclone records. Such as the longest lasting tropical cyclone ever recorded, surpa...

Good evening !

The moderation team has just finalized the latest Participant review, where we go through the current list of Participants and see who we feel is best to keep in the role, add into the role, and remove from the role.
This announcement though is mainly to address some changes made to the structure of the Participant role that were made during this review period.

The biggest change that a lot of you have probably noticed by now is that there are now 4 separate roles each of which define a field that any select participant specializes in. The new roles are as follows:
- @Advanced Tropical Meteorology
- @Advanced General Meteorology
- @Advanced Geophysics
- @Advanced Astronomy
All of these are pretty self explanatory, though General Meteorology is a bit more broad overall, this contains topics including Severe Weather, Winter Weather, Fire Weather, and Climatology. Participants can hold more than one of these roles if they do specialize in more than one of the fields described.
This splitting was done to allow users to see what each Participant specializes in, and the hope is that it may help with #channel for example.
There is also a more updated and in-depth description of the Participant role in #channel, as we did feel the old description was a bit vague and didn't fully explain what we look for in Participants.

Another small tidbit that I'll add onto the end here, the old rules-and-info channel has been split into #channel and #channel as it did become clear that there was a lot of information kept in that one channel, and splitting them apart makes it less overwhelming and easier to read through. Alongside that, an updated graphic showing what to expect in tropical chats with each TCOS code has been provided, hopefully clearing up any confusion there was with the old description in the channel, as that was a bit vague.

Have a great weekend everyone!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkcDrair6PU
We will be running a live commentary on Doksuri this evening from 22z until 00z

Typhoon Doksuri Live Update - July 24, 2023

Typhoon Doksuri has been steadily intensifying overnight, and this morning is presenting itself as a large Category 2 storm off the coast of Luzon in the Philippines. The storm could cause amplified rainfall and strong winds in the area, particularly Cagayan province and the islands to its north. The Batanes could see the full force of the storm...

Good evening !

Effective today (July 23rd), the moderation team will begin using a new(ish) punishment system in channels across the server. This system consists of Warnings/Mutes, and below will be a section now added to #channel explaining what those two terms mean.

Warnings and Mutes

A warning is issued by moderators to remind someone that what they are doing/have done is against the rules, telling them to stop it or further action will be taken. It can be seen as giving users an opportunity to fix their behavior.

A mute is generally the next step if a user ignores the warning given, however, mutes can be given immediately if the users actions warrant one. Once a mute is given, the user will be given a timeout (or you can call this a mute too) for at least an hour (higher if felt warranted by moderators) and three mutes within a 30-day period will result in a ban. A user who is banned may appeal their ban, and the period of time between the ban and when the user can appeal will be determined by moderators, this typically falls in the range of 1-3 months, though time does depend on several factors, so if you have any questions about appeals, feel free to ask moderators.

I do say new(ish) as this system is very similar to an older system used a year or two ago. If there are any questions/concerns, #channel is always open as a place to put those.

Server Guide is coming to all communities

Server Guide is a dedicated space within your community that points members to essential parts of your space and encourages them to participate. Many admins who have already set theirs up are seeing big bumps in member engagement.

Here are some of the features in the Server Guide that might boost your member activity.
➡️ Welcome Sign: A custom message from you to new members, placed at the top.

New Member To Do's 3-5 next steps for new members that get them talking and participating in your community.

Resources: Declutter your server by turning read-only channels into fancy, easy-to-digest pages with images you upload (so make sure to upload an image) Another perk: Members land at the top of these Resource pages instead of the bottom of a message thread, and message bars and avatars are removed so it looks cleaner. Otherwise, your content, embeds, media, and formatting stay the same.

That’s not all. 2 more updates to make moderation better!

🤖 Automod for Profiles
Sometimes bad actors set their display names in a way that breaks the rules. Automod will allow you to block specific language in a member's profile, preventing them from interacting with others in your community until they update their profile.

🚫 Remove Reactions by Emoji
Instead of removing all reactions from a post or individually deleting them, you can select the emojis you want to remove.

Force Thirteen Sundays will take place today at 19z, followed by an afterparty here in our server at 20z

Stream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-NwN6q2wBk
Afterparty: Join on Discord

Force Thirteen Sundays - July 9, 2023

Join our afterparty when we're done on our Discord server, on the link below.
Join on Discord

Support us by using all of our outlets below! ↓

Become a Channel Member ► https://www.youtube.com/forcethirteen/join
Become a Patron ► https://www.patreon.com/forcethirteen
Join our Discord Server ► https://d...

Force Thirteen Sundays will take place today at 22z, followed by an afterparty here in our server at 23z

Stream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgXt8F_wy6o
Afterparty: Join on Discord

Force Thirteen Sundays - July 2, 2023

Join our afterparty when we're done on our Discord server, on the link below.

Support us by using all of our outlets below! ↓

Become a Channel Member ► https://www.youtube.com/forcethirteen/join
Become a Patron ► https://www.patreon.com/forcethirteen
Join our Discord Server ► Join on Discord
Follow us on Facebook ► https://www...

@📆 TODAY IN HISTORY
June 25

Middle Ages

524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.

841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine.

1258 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Acre, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet sailing to relieve Acre

Early Modern World

1530 – At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.

1658 – Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War.

1678 – Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua.

1741 – Maria Theresa is crowned Queen of Hungary.

Revolutionary Age

1786 – Gavriil Pribylov discovers St. George Island of the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea.

1788 – Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution.

1848 – A photograph of the June Days uprising becomes the first known instance of photojournalism.

1876 – Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer.

1900 – The Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China.

1913 – American Civil War veterans begin arriving at the Great Reunion of 1913.

World Wars

1938 – Dr. Douglas Hyde is inaugurated as the first President of Ireland.

1940 – World War II: The French armistice with Nazi Germany comes into effect.

1941 – World War II: The Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland, supported by Nazi Germany, began.

1943 – The Holocaust and World War II: Jews in the Częstochowa Ghetto in Poland stage an uprising against the Nazis.

1943 – The left-wing German Jewish exile Arthur Goldstein is murdered in Auschwitz.

1944 – World War II: The Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in the Nordic countries, begins.

1944 – World War II: United States Navy and British Royal Navy ships bombard Cherbourg to support United States Army units engaged in the Battle of Cherbourg.

Cold War

1950 – The Korean War begins with the invasion of South Korea by North Korea.

1960 – Cold War: Two cryptographers working for the United States National Security Agency left for vacation to Mexico, and from there defected to the Soviet Union.

1975 – Mozambique achieves independence from Portugal.

1975 – Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of internal emergency in India.

1978 – The rainbow flag representing gay pride is flown for the first time during the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade.

1991 – The breakup of Yugoslavia begins when Slovenia and Croatia declare their independence from Yugoslavia.

Modern World

1993 – Kim Campbell is sworn in as the first female Prime Minister of Canada.

1996 – The Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia kills 19 U.S. servicemen.

1997 – An uncrewed Progress spacecraft collides with the Russian space station Mir.

2007 – PMTair Flight 241 crashes in the Dâmrei Mountains in Kampot Province, Cambodia, killing all 22 people on board.

2022 – The prime minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina inaugurates the longest bridge of Bangladesh, Padma Bridge.

2022 – Russo-Ukrainian War: The Battle of Sievierodonetsk ends after weeks of heavy fighting with the Russian capture of the city, leading to the Battle of Lysychansk.

2022 – Two people are killed and 21 more injured after a gunman opens fire at three sites in Oslo in a suspected Islamist anti-LGBTQ+ attack.

Featured

1950 – The Korean War begins with the invasion of South Korea by North Korea.

1985 – A terrorist bomb explodes at Narita International Airport near Tokyo. An hour later, the same group detonates a second bomb aboard Air India Flight 182, bringing the Boeing 747 down off the coast of Ireland killing all 329 aboard.

1991 – Sonic the Hedgehog is released in North America on the Sega Genesis platform, beginning the popular video game franchise.

Modern World

2001 – The 8.4 Mw  southern Peru earthquake shakes coastal Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). A destructive tsunami followed, leaving at least 74 people dead, and 2,687 injured.

2013 – Nik Wallenda becomes the first man to successfully walk across the Grand Canyon on a tight rope.

2014 – The last of Syria's declared chemical weapons are shipped out for destruction.

2016 – The United Kingdom votes in a referendum to leave the European Union, by 52% to 48%.

2017 – A series of terrorist attacks take place in Pakistan, resulting in 96 deaths and wounding 200 others.

2018 – Twelve boys and an assistant coach from a soccer team in Thailand are trapped in a flooding cave, leading to an 18-day rescue operation.

Featured

1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn begins.

Robert the Bruce addresses his troops before the Battle of Bannockburn.

@📆 TODAY IN HISTORY
June 23

Ancient World

229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.

Middle Ages

1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.

1280 – The Spanish Reconquista: In the Battle of Moclín the Emirate of Granada ambush a superior pursuing force, killing most of them in a military disaster for the Kingdom of Castile.

1305 – A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge.

1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins.

Early Modern World

1532 – Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France sign the "Treaty of Closer Amity With France" (also known as the Pommeraye treaty), pledging mutual aid against Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

1565 – Dragut, commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Great Siege of Malta.

1594 – The Action of Faial, Azores. The Portuguese carrack Cinco Chagas, loaded with slaves and treasure, is attacked and sunk by English ships with only 13 survivors out of over 700 on board.

1611 – The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.

1683 – William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.

1713 – The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada.

1757 – Battle of Plassey: Three thousand British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000-strong Indian army under Siraj ud-Daulah at Plassey.

1758 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Krefeld: British, Hanoverian, and Prussian forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany.

1760 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Landeshut: Austria defeats Prussia.

Revolutionary Age

1780 – American Revolution: Battle of Springfield fought in and around Springfield, New Jersey (including Short Hills, formerly of Springfield, now of Millburn Township).

1794 – Empress Catherine II of Russia grants Jews permission to settle in Kyiv.

1812 – War of 1812: Great Britain revokes the restrictions on American commerce, thus eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war.

1865 – American Civil War: At Fort Towson in the Oklahoma Territory, Confederate Brigadier General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant Confederate army.

1868 – Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention he called the "Type-Writer".

1894 – The International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne in Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.

1913 – Second Balkan War: The Greeks defeat the Bulgarians in the Battle of Doiran.

1914 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa takes Zacatecas from Victoriano Huerta.

World Wars

1919 – Estonian War of Independence: The decisive defeat of the Baltische Landeswehr in the Battle of Cēsis; this date is celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia.

1940 – Adolf Hitler goes on a three-hour tour of the architecture of Paris with architect Albert Speer and sculptor Arno Breker in his only visit to the city.

1941 – The Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence from the Soviet Union and forms the Provisional Government of Lithuania; it lasts only briefly as the Nazis will occupy Lithuania a few weeks later.

1942 – World War II: Germany's latest fighter aircraft, a Focke-Wulf Fw 190, is captured intact when it mistakenly lands at RAF Pembrey in Wales.

Cold War

1959 – Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany where he resumes a scientific career.

1961 – The Antarctic Treaty System, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and limits military activity on the continent, its islands and ice shelves, comes into force.