1967 – UK Marine Broadcasting Offences Act declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal.

1969 – The Troubles: British troops are deployed in Northern Ireland as political and sectarian violence breaks out, marking the start of the 37-year Operation Banner.

1971 – Bahrain declares independence from Britain.

1972 – An Ilyushin Il-62 airliner crashes near Königs Wusterhausen, East Germany killing 156 people.

1980 – Lech Wałęsa leads strikes at the Gdańsk, Poland shipyards.

Modern World

1994 – Ilich Ramírez Sánchez, also known as "Carlos the Jackal", is captured.

1996 – Greek Cypriot refugee Solomos Solomou is shot and killed by a Turkish security officer while trying to climb a flagpole in order to remove a Turkish flag from its mast in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus.

2003 – A widescale power blackout affects the northeast United States and Canada.

2005 – Helios Airways Flight 522, en route from Larnaca, Cyprus to Prague, Czech Republic via Athens, crashes in the hills near Grammatiko, Greece, killing 121 passengers and crew.

2006 – Lebanon War: A ceasefire takes effect three days after the United Nations Security Council’s approval of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701, formally ending hostilities between Lebanon and Israel.

2006 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sixty-one schoolgirls killed in Chencholai bombing by Sri Lankan Air Force air strike.

2007 – The Kahtaniya bombings kills at least 500 people.

2013 – Egypt declares a state of emergency as security forces kill hundreds of demonstrators supporting former president Mohamed Morsi.

2015 – The US Embassy in Havana, Cuba re-opens after 54 years of being closed when Cuba–United States relations were broken off.

2021 – A magnitude 7.2 earthquake strikes southwestern Haiti, killing at least 2,248 people and causing a humanitarian crisis.

2022 – An explosion destroys a market in Armenia, killing six people and injuring dozens.

Featured

1947, Pakistan gains independence from the British Empire.

Pakistan came into existence as a result of the Pakistan Movement, which aimed for the creation of an independent Muslim state in the north-western regions of British India via partition.

@📆 TODAY IN HISTORY
Aug 14

Ancient World

74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan.

29 BC – Octavian holds the second of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.

Middle Ages

1040 – King Duncan I is killed in battle against his first cousin and rival Macbeth. The latter succeeds him as King of Scotland.

1183 – Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan.

1264 – After tricking the Venetian galley fleet into sailing east to the Levant, the Genoese capture an entire Venetian trade convoy at the Battle of Saseno.

1352 – War of the Breton Succession: Anglo-Bretons defeat the French in the Battle of Mauron.

1370 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, grants city privileges to Karlovy Vary.

1385 – Portuguese Crisis of 1383–85: Battle of Aljubarrota: Portuguese forces commanded by John I of Portugal defeat the Castilian army of John I of Castile.

Early Modern World

1592 – The first sighting of the Falkland Islands by John Davis.

1598 – Nine Years' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford: Irish forces under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.

1720 – The Spanish military Villasur expedition is defeated by Pawnee and Otoe warriors near present-day Columbus, Nebraska.

Revolutionary Age

1784 – Russian colonization of North America: Awa’uq Massacre: The Russian fur trader Grigory Shelikhov storms a Kodiak Island Alutiit refuge rock on Sitkalidak Island, killing 500+ Alutiit.

1790 – The Treaty of Wereloe ended the 1788–1790 Russo-Swedish War.

1791 – Slaves from plantations in Saint-Domingue hold a Vodou ceremony led by houngan Dutty Boukman at Bois Caïman, marking the start of the Haitian Revolution.

1814 – A cease fire agreement, called the Convention of Moss, ended the Swedish–Norwegian War.

1816 – The United Kingdom formally annexes the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, administering the islands from the Cape Colony in South Africa.

1842 – American Indian Wars: Second Seminole War ends, with the Seminoles forced from Florida.

1848 – Oregon Territory is organized by act of Congress.

1880 – Construction of Cologne Cathedral, the most famous landmark in Cologne, Germany, is completed.

1885 – Japan's first patent is issued to the inventor of a rust-proof paint.

1893 – France becomes the first country to introduce motor vehicle registration.

1900 – Battle of Peking: The Eight-Nation Alliance occupies Beijing, China, in a campaign to end the bloody Boxer Rebellion in China.

1901 – The first claimed powered flight, by Gustave Whitehead in his Number 21.

World Wars

1914 – World War I: Start of the Battle of Lorraine, an unsuccessful French offensive.

1917 – World War I: The Republic of China, which had heretofore been shipping labourers to Europe to assist in the war effort, officially declares war on the Central Powers, although it will continue to send to Europe labourers instead of combatants for the remaining duration of the war.

1920 – The 1920 Summer Olympics, having started four months earlier, officially open in Antwerp, Belgium, with the newly-adopted Olympic flag and the Olympic oath being raised and taken at the Opening Ceremony for the first time in Olympic history.

1921 – Tannu Uriankhai, later Tuvan People's Republic is established as a completely independent country (which is supported by Soviet Russia).

1936 – Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last known public execution in the United States.

1941 – World War II: Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims.

Cold War

1947 – Pakistan gains independence from the British Empire.
.

Hello

We've been pretty blindsided recently by videos that outperformed and subscriber surges, meaning that instead of the expected date of September 12, we are in all likelihood actually going to reach 100k on YouTube TOMORROW. So this is a fairly rushed call to action and opportunity for you to take part in a big moment for our history. If you would like to record a message, as creative as you like, please send it directly to me. I expect that we will have less than 24 hours to do this and compile it for a special video tomorrow evening.

If we do reach the milestone before Sunday, F13 Sundays will take the form of a 100K Q&A, which will take place on the Force Thirteen Main Stage on Sunday at 22z. Bearing in mind that we may still be in Code Red by then, it may spill over into a live Tropical Weather Bulletin

In addition, on August 1st we started a 100K special lottery for our contributors and Ultimate Fans, who all have a chance to win a jackpot prize that we're putting up to celebrate the event. From August, all Ultimate Fan contributions that we receive will go towards the jackpot. The value currently stands at $1,182, and every dollar from Ultimate Fans will correspond to one "ticket" and a chance to win the jackpot. If you sign up, you don't have to do anything, we'll reveal the results on our September 1st livestream. Our Contributors will all have one free ticket per month. The chances of winning from a single ticket are 1/10,000, and so we may be running these special events for several months before a winner is found, and the fund will rollover if nobody wins in that month.

Hope you're all well, and it would be great to see you on Stage on this upcoming event 🙂

https://youtu.be/dk2BW0O99Oo

The Track of Cyclone Freddy (2023)

Cyclone Freddy was the fourth named tropical cyclone of the 2022-23 Australian Cyclone Season, and the second very intense tropical cyclone of the 2022-23 Southwest Indian Ocean Cyclone Season.

Freddy was an extremely unique and rare system breaking many tropical cyclone records. Such as the longest lasting tropical cyclone ever recorded, surpa...

Good evening !

The moderation team has just finalized the latest Participant review, where we go through the current list of Participants and see who we feel is best to keep in the role, add into the role, and remove from the role.
This announcement though is mainly to address some changes made to the structure of the Participant role that were made during this review period.

The biggest change that a lot of you have probably noticed by now is that there are now 4 separate roles each of which define a field that any select participant specializes in. The new roles are as follows:
- @Advanced Tropical Meteorology
- @Advanced General Meteorology
- @Advanced Geophysics
- @Advanced Astronomy
All of these are pretty self explanatory, though General Meteorology is a bit more broad overall, this contains topics including Severe Weather, Winter Weather, Fire Weather, and Climatology. Participants can hold more than one of these roles if they do specialize in more than one of the fields described.
This splitting was done to allow users to see what each Participant specializes in, and the hope is that it may help with #channel for example.
There is also a more updated and in-depth description of the Participant role in #channel, as we did feel the old description was a bit vague and didn't fully explain what we look for in Participants.

Another small tidbit that I'll add onto the end here, the old rules-and-info channel has been split into #channel and #channel as it did become clear that there was a lot of information kept in that one channel, and splitting them apart makes it less overwhelming and easier to read through. Alongside that, an updated graphic showing what to expect in tropical chats with each TCOS code has been provided, hopefully clearing up any confusion there was with the old description in the channel, as that was a bit vague.

Have a great weekend everyone!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkcDrair6PU
We will be running a live commentary on Doksuri this evening from 22z until 00z

Typhoon Doksuri Live Update - July 24, 2023

Typhoon Doksuri has been steadily intensifying overnight, and this morning is presenting itself as a large Category 2 storm off the coast of Luzon in the Philippines. The storm could cause amplified rainfall and strong winds in the area, particularly Cagayan province and the islands to its north. The Batanes could see the full force of the storm...

Good evening !

Effective today (July 23rd), the moderation team will begin using a new(ish) punishment system in channels across the server. This system consists of Warnings/Mutes, and below will be a section now added to #channel explaining what those two terms mean.

Warnings and Mutes

A warning is issued by moderators to remind someone that what they are doing/have done is against the rules, telling them to stop it or further action will be taken. It can be seen as giving users an opportunity to fix their behavior.

A mute is generally the next step if a user ignores the warning given, however, mutes can be given immediately if the users actions warrant one. Once a mute is given, the user will be given a timeout (or you can call this a mute too) for at least an hour (higher if felt warranted by moderators) and three mutes within a 30-day period will result in a ban. A user who is banned may appeal their ban, and the period of time between the ban and when the user can appeal will be determined by moderators, this typically falls in the range of 1-3 months, though time does depend on several factors, so if you have any questions about appeals, feel free to ask moderators.

I do say new(ish) as this system is very similar to an older system used a year or two ago. If there are any questions/concerns, #channel is always open as a place to put those.

Server Guide is coming to all communities

Server Guide is a dedicated space within your community that points members to essential parts of your space and encourages them to participate. Many admins who have already set theirs up are seeing big bumps in member engagement.

Here are some of the features in the Server Guide that might boost your member activity.
➡️ Welcome Sign: A custom message from you to new members, placed at the top.

New Member To Do's 3-5 next steps for new members that get them talking and participating in your community.

Resources: Declutter your server by turning read-only channels into fancy, easy-to-digest pages with images you upload (so make sure to upload an image) Another perk: Members land at the top of these Resource pages instead of the bottom of a message thread, and message bars and avatars are removed so it looks cleaner. Otherwise, your content, embeds, media, and formatting stay the same.

That’s not all. 2 more updates to make moderation better!

🤖 Automod for Profiles
Sometimes bad actors set their display names in a way that breaks the rules. Automod will allow you to block specific language in a member's profile, preventing them from interacting with others in your community until they update their profile.

🚫 Remove Reactions by Emoji
Instead of removing all reactions from a post or individually deleting them, you can select the emojis you want to remove.

Force Thirteen Sundays will take place today at 19z, followed by an afterparty here in our server at 20z

Stream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-NwN6q2wBk
Afterparty: Join on Discord

Force Thirteen Sundays - July 9, 2023

Join our afterparty when we're done on our Discord server, on the link below.
Join on Discord

Support us by using all of our outlets below! ↓

Become a Channel Member ► https://www.youtube.com/forcethirteen/join
Become a Patron ► https://www.patreon.com/forcethirteen
Join our Discord Server ► https://d...

Force Thirteen Sundays will take place today at 22z, followed by an afterparty here in our server at 23z

Stream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgXt8F_wy6o
Afterparty: Join on Discord

Force Thirteen Sundays - July 2, 2023

Join our afterparty when we're done on our Discord server, on the link below.

Support us by using all of our outlets below! ↓

Become a Channel Member ► https://www.youtube.com/forcethirteen/join
Become a Patron ► https://www.patreon.com/forcethirteen
Join our Discord Server ► Join on Discord
Follow us on Facebook ► https://www...

@📆 TODAY IN HISTORY
June 25

Middle Ages

524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.

841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine.

1258 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Acre, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet sailing to relieve Acre

Early Modern World

1530 – At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.

1658 – Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War.

1678 – Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua.

1741 – Maria Theresa is crowned Queen of Hungary.

Revolutionary Age

1786 – Gavriil Pribylov discovers St. George Island of the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea.

1788 – Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution.

1848 – A photograph of the June Days uprising becomes the first known instance of photojournalism.

1876 – Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer.

1900 – The Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China.

1913 – American Civil War veterans begin arriving at the Great Reunion of 1913.

World Wars

1938 – Dr. Douglas Hyde is inaugurated as the first President of Ireland.

1940 – World War II: The French armistice with Nazi Germany comes into effect.

1941 – World War II: The Continuation War between the Soviet Union and Finland, supported by Nazi Germany, began.

1943 – The Holocaust and World War II: Jews in the Częstochowa Ghetto in Poland stage an uprising against the Nazis.

1943 – The left-wing German Jewish exile Arthur Goldstein is murdered in Auschwitz.

1944 – World War II: The Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in the Nordic countries, begins.

1944 – World War II: United States Navy and British Royal Navy ships bombard Cherbourg to support United States Army units engaged in the Battle of Cherbourg.

Cold War

1950 – The Korean War begins with the invasion of South Korea by North Korea.

1960 – Cold War: Two cryptographers working for the United States National Security Agency left for vacation to Mexico, and from there defected to the Soviet Union.

1975 – Mozambique achieves independence from Portugal.

1975 – Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of internal emergency in India.

1978 – The rainbow flag representing gay pride is flown for the first time during the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade.

1991 – The breakup of Yugoslavia begins when Slovenia and Croatia declare their independence from Yugoslavia.

Modern World

1993 – Kim Campbell is sworn in as the first female Prime Minister of Canada.

1996 – The Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia kills 19 U.S. servicemen.

1997 – An uncrewed Progress spacecraft collides with the Russian space station Mir.

2007 – PMTair Flight 241 crashes in the Dâmrei Mountains in Kampot Province, Cambodia, killing all 22 people on board.

2022 – The prime minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina inaugurates the longest bridge of Bangladesh, Padma Bridge.

2022 – Russo-Ukrainian War: The Battle of Sievierodonetsk ends after weeks of heavy fighting with the Russian capture of the city, leading to the Battle of Lysychansk.

2022 – Two people are killed and 21 more injured after a gunman opens fire at three sites in Oslo in a suspected Islamist anti-LGBTQ+ attack.

Featured

1950 – The Korean War begins with the invasion of South Korea by North Korea.

@📆 TODAY IN HISTORY
June 23

Ancient World

229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu.

Middle Ages

1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships.

1280 – The Spanish Reconquista: In the Battle of Moclín the Emirate of Granada ambush a superior pursuing force, killing most of them in a military disaster for the Kingdom of Castile.

1305 – A peace treaty between the Flemish and the French is signed at Athis-sur-Orge.

1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn (south of Stirling) begins.

Early Modern World

1532 – Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France sign the "Treaty of Closer Amity With France" (also known as the Pommeraye treaty), pledging mutual aid against Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

1565 – Dragut, commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Great Siege of Malta.

1594 – The Action of Faial, Azores. The Portuguese carrack Cinco Chagas, loaded with slaves and treasure, is attacked and sunk by English ships with only 13 survivors out of over 700 on board.

1611 – The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.

1683 – William Penn signs a friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.

1713 – The French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada.

1757 – Battle of Plassey: Three thousand British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000-strong Indian army under Siraj ud-Daulah at Plassey.

1758 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Krefeld: British, Hanoverian, and Prussian forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany.

1760 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Landeshut: Austria defeats Prussia.

Revolutionary Age

1780 – American Revolution: Battle of Springfield fought in and around Springfield, New Jersey (including Short Hills, formerly of Springfield, now of Millburn Township).

1794 – Empress Catherine II of Russia grants Jews permission to settle in Kyiv.

1812 – War of 1812: Great Britain revokes the restrictions on American commerce, thus eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war.

1865 – American Civil War: At Fort Towson in the Oklahoma Territory, Confederate Brigadier General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant Confederate army.

1868 – Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention he called the "Type-Writer".

1894 – The International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne in Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.

1913 – Second Balkan War: The Greeks defeat the Bulgarians in the Battle of Doiran.

1914 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa takes Zacatecas from Victoriano Huerta.

World Wars

1919 – Estonian War of Independence: The decisive defeat of the Baltische Landeswehr in the Battle of Cēsis; this date is celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia.

1940 – Adolf Hitler goes on a three-hour tour of the architecture of Paris with architect Albert Speer and sculptor Arno Breker in his only visit to the city.

1941 – The Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence from the Soviet Union and forms the Provisional Government of Lithuania; it lasts only briefly as the Nazis will occupy Lithuania a few weeks later.

1942 – World War II: Germany's latest fighter aircraft, a Focke-Wulf Fw 190, is captured intact when it mistakenly lands at RAF Pembrey in Wales.

Cold War

1959 – Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany where he resumes a scientific career.

1961 – The Antarctic Treaty System, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and limits military activity on the continent, its islands and ice shelves, comes into force.

1985 – A terrorist bomb explodes at Narita International Airport near Tokyo. An hour later, the same group detonates a second bomb aboard Air India Flight 182, bringing the Boeing 747 down off the coast of Ireland killing all 329 aboard.

1991 – Sonic the Hedgehog is released in North America on the Sega Genesis platform, beginning the popular video game franchise.

Modern World

2001 – The 8.4 Mw  southern Peru earthquake shakes coastal Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). A destructive tsunami followed, leaving at least 74 people dead, and 2,687 injured.

2013 – Nik Wallenda becomes the first man to successfully walk across the Grand Canyon on a tight rope.

2014 – The last of Syria's declared chemical weapons are shipped out for destruction.

2016 – The United Kingdom votes in a referendum to leave the European Union, by 52% to 48%.

2017 – A series of terrorist attacks take place in Pakistan, resulting in 96 deaths and wounding 200 others.

2018 – Twelve boys and an assistant coach from a soccer team in Thailand are trapped in a flooding cave, leading to an 18-day rescue operation.

Featured

1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn begins.

Robert the Bruce addresses his troops before the Battle of Bannockburn.

@📆 TODAY IN HISTORY
June 22

Ancient World

217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.

168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus defeat Macedonian King Perseus who surrenders after the battle, ending the Third Macedonian War.

Middle Ages

813 – Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars led by Krum defeat the Byzantine army near Edirne. Emperor Michael I is forced to abdicate in favor of Leo V the Armenian.

910 – The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army near the Rednitz River, killing its leader Gebhard, Duke of Lotharingia (Lorraine).

Early Modern World

1527 – Fatahillah expels Portuguese forces from Sunda Kelapa, now regarded as the foundation of Jakarta.

1593 – Battle of Sisak: Allied Christian troops defeat the Ottomans.

1633 – The Holy Office in Rome forces Galileo Galilei to recant his view that the Sun, not the Earth, is the center of the Universe in the form he presented it in, after heated controversy.

1774 – The British pass the Quebec Act, setting out rules of governance for the colony of Quebec in British North America.

Revolutionary Age

1783 – A poisonous cloud caused by the eruption of the Laki volcano in Iceland reaches Le Havre in France.

1807 – In the Chesapeake–Leopard affair, the British warship HMS Leopard attacks and boards the American frigate USS Chesapeake.

1813 – War of 1812: After learning of American plans for a surprise attack on Beaver Dams in Ontario, Laura Secord sets out on a thirty kilometres (19 mi) journey on foot to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon.

1839 – Cherokee leaders Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot are assassinated for signing the Treaty of New Echota, which had resulted in the Trail of Tears.

1870 – The United States Department of Justice is created by the U.S. Congress.

1893 – The Royal Navy battleship HMS Camperdown accidentally rams the British Mediterranean Fleet flagship HMS Victoria which sinks taking 358 crew with her, including the fleet's commander, Vice-Admiral Sir George Tryon.

1897 – British colonial officers Charles Walter Rand and Lt. Charles Egerton Ayerst are assassinated in Pune, Maharashtra, India by the Chapekar brothers and Mahadeo Vinayak Ranade, who are later caught and hanged.

1898 – Spanish–American War: In a chaotic operation, 6,000 men of the U.S. Fifth Army Corps begins landing at Daiquirí, Cuba, about 16 miles (26 km) east of Santiago de Cuba. Lt. Gen. Arsenio Linares y Pombo of the Spanish Army outnumbers them two-to-one, but does not oppose the landings.

1907 – The London Underground's Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway opens.

1911 – George V and Mary of Teck are crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

1911 – Mexican Revolution: Government forces bring an end to the Magonista rebellion of 1911 in the Second Battle of Tijuana.

1918 – The Hammond Circus Train Wreck kills 86 and injures 127 near Hammond, Indiana.

World Wars

1940 – World War II: France is forced to sign the Second Compiègne armistice with Germany, in the same railroad car in which the Germans signed the Armistice in 1918.

1941 – World War II: Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa.

1942 – World War II: Erwin Rommel is promoted to Field Marshal after the Axis capture of Tobruk.

1942 – The Pledge of Allegiance is formally adopted by US Congress.

1944 – World War II: Opening day of the Soviet Union's Operation Bagration against the Army Group Centre.

1944 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs into law the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I. Bill.

1945 – World War II: The Battle of Okinawa comes to an end.

Cold War

1948 – King George VI formally gives up the title "Emperor of India", half a year after Britain actually gave up its rule of India.

1966 – Vietnamese Buddhist activist leader Thích Trí Quang was arrested as the military junta of Nguyen Cao Ky crushed the Buddhist Uprising.

1978 – Charon, the first of Pluto's satellites to be discovered, was first seen at the United States Naval Observatory by James W. Christy.

1986 – The famous Hand of God goal, scored by Diego Maradona in the quarter-finals of the 1986 FIFA World Cup match between Argentina and England, ignites controversy. This was later followed by the Goal of the Century. Argentina wins 2–1 and later goes on to win the World Cup.

1990 – Cold War: Checkpoint Charlie is dismantled in Berlin.

Modern World

2000 – Wuhan Airlines Flight 343 is struck by lightning and crashes into Wuhan's Hanyang District, killing 49 people.

2002 – An earthquake measuring 6.5 Mw strikes a region of northwestern Iran killing at least 261 people and injuring 1,300 others and eventually causing widespread public anger due to the slow official response.

2012 – Paraguayan President Fernando Lugo is removed from office by impeachment and succeeded by Federico Franco.

2012 – A Turkish Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II fighter plane is shot down by the Syrian Armed Forces, killing both of the plane's pilots and worsening already-strained relations between Turkey and Syria.

2015 – The Afghan National Assembly building is attacked by gunmen after a suicide bombing. All six of the gunmen are killed and 18 people are injured.

2022 – An earthquake occurs in eastern Afghanistan resulting in over 1,000 deaths.

Featured

1941 – World War II: Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa.

1944 – World War II: Opening day of the Soviet Union's Operation Bagration against the Army Group Centre.

1945 – World War II: The Battle of Okinawa comes to an end.

Hey Admins and Mods,

You all make this Discord world go round, and we’re always looking for ways to continue to show our appreciation and give you the support you deserve.

To help you and your community thrive, we recently invested in a Wump-ton of new and updated resources. You now have more ways than ever to connect with other admins, learn best practices directly from Discord, and stay on top of essential news.

Introducing the Admin Newsletter! 📰

• Sign up and this link https://discord.com/admin-newsletter for regular emails packed with inspiration and tools to help you run a server in style.

Brush up on your skills with the revamped Community Portal 📔

• Dive into articles for beginners and pros alike, spotlights on stellar servers, and courses to guide you to new heights. https://discord.com/community!

Eager to meet admins just like you? ✏️

• The Discord Admin server has opened its doors to welcome more Community leaders. Find out if you’re eligible and how to join here https://support.discord.com/hc/en-us/articles/5309276245271-Discord-Admin-Community-FAQ

Get exploring, and hopefully, we’ll see you in one of these new and improved spaces!

@📆 TODAY IN HISTORY
June 20

Ancient World

451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.

Middle Ages

1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan.

1622 – The Battle of Höchst takes place during the Thirty Years' War.

1631 – The Sack of Baltimore: The Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Barbary slave traders.

1652 – Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha is appointed Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.

1685 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater.

1756 – A British garrison is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.

Revolutionary Age

1782 – The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.

1787 – Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the 'United States'.

1789 – Deputies of the French Third Estate take the Tennis Court Oath.

1791 – King Louis XVI, disguised as a valet, and the French royal family attempt to flee Paris during the French Revolution.

1819 – The U.S. vessel SS Savannah arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, although most of the journey is made under sail.

1837 – King William IV dies, and is succeeded by his niece, Victoria.

1840 – Samuel Morse receives the patent for the telegraph.

1862 – Barbu Catargiu, the Prime Minister of Romania, is assassinated.

1863 – American Civil War: West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.

1877 – Alexander Graham Bell installs the world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

1895 – The Kiel Canal, crossing the base of the Jutland peninsula and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, is officially opened.

1900 – Boxer Rebellion: The Imperial Chinese Army begins a 55-day siege of the Legation Quarter in Beijing, China.

1900 – Baron Eduard Toll, leader of the Russian Polar Expedition of 1900, departs Saint Petersburg in Russia on the explorer ship Zarya, never to return.

World Wars

1942 – The Holocaust: Kazimierz Piechowski and three others, dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, steal an SS staff car and escape from the Auschwitz concentration camp.

1943 – The Detroit race riot breaks out and continues for three more days.

1943 – World War II: The Royal Air Force launches Operation Bellicose, the first shuttle bombing raid of the war. Avro Lancaster bombers damage the V-2 rocket production facilities at the Zeppelin Works while en route to an air base in Algeria.
.

1944 – World War II: During the Continuation War, the Soviet Union demands unconditional surrender from Finland during the beginning of partially successful Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive. The Finnish government refuses.

1944 – The experimental MW 18014 V-2 rocket reaches an altitude of 176 km, becoming the first man-made object to reach outer space.

1945 – The United States Secretary of State approves the transfer of Wernher von Braun and his team of Nazi rocket scientists to the U.S. under Operation Paperclip.

Cold War

1956 – A Venezuelan Super-Constellation crashes in the Atlantic Ocean off Asbury Park, New Jersey, killing 74 people.

1959 – A rare June hurricane strikes Canada's Gulf of St. Lawrence killing 35.

1960 – The Mali Federation gains independence from France (it later splits into Mali and Senegal).

1963 – Following the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Soviet Union and the United States sign an agreement to establish the so-called "red telephone" link between Washington, D.C. and Moscow.

1964 – A Curtiss C-46 Commando crashes in the Shengang District of Taiwan, killing 57 people.

1973 – Snipers fire upon left-wing Peronists in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in what is known as the Ezeiza massacre. At least 13 are killed and more than 300 are injured.

1975 – The film Jaws is released in the United States, becoming the highest-grossing film of that time and starting the trend of films known as "summer blockbusters".

1982 – The International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide opens in Tel Aviv, despite attempts by the Turkish government to cancel it, as it included presentations on the Armenian genocide.

1982 – The Argentine Corbeta Uruguay base on Southern Thule surrenders to Royal Marine commandos in the final action of the Falklands War.

1988 – Haitian President Leslie Manigat is ousted from power in a coup d'état led by Lieutenant general Henri Namphy.

1990 – Asteroid Eureka is discovered.

1990 – The 7.4 Mw  Manjil–Rudbar earthquake affects northern Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 35,000–50,000, and injuring 60,000–105,000.

1991 – The German Bundestag votes to move seat of government from the former West German capital of Bonn to the present capital of Berlin.

Modern World

1994 – The 1994 Imam Reza shrine bomb explosion in Iran leaves at least 25 dead and 70 to 300 injured.

2019 – Iran's Air Defense Forces shoot down an American surveillance drone over the Strait of Hormuz amid rising tensions between the two countries.

Featured

1944 — World War II: The Battle of the Philippine Sea concludes with a decisive U.S. naval victory. The lopsided naval air battle is also known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot".This was the largest carrier-to-carrier battle in history, involving 24 aircraft carriers, deploying roughly 1,350 carrier-based aircraft.

1945 – William Joyce ("Lord Haw-Haw") is charged with treason for his pro-German propaganda broadcasting during World War II.

Cold War

1946 – Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia, a Socialist, calls for a Direct Action Day against the Portuguese in Goa.

1948 – Columbia Records introduces the long-playing record album in a public demonstration at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City.

1948 – Britain, France and the United States announce that on June 21, the Deutsche Mark will be introduced in western Germany and West Berlin. Over the next six days, Communists increasingly restrict access to Berlin.

1953 – The Egyptian revolution of 1952 ends with the overthrow of the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the declaration of the Republic of Egypt.

1953 – A United States Air Force C-124 crashes and burns near Tachikawa, Japan, killing 129.

1954 – Carlos Castillo Armas leads an invasion force across the Guatemalan border, setting in motion the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état.

1958 – Benjamin Britten's one-act opera Noye's Fludde premiered at the Aldeburgh Festival.

1965 – Vietnam War: The United States Air Force uses B-52 bombers to attack guerrilla fighters in South Vietnam.

1972 – Staines air disaster: One hundred eighteen people are killed when a BEA H.S. Trident crashes minutes after takeoff from London's Heathrow Airport.[7]

1979 – SALT II is signed by the United States and the Soviet Union.

1981 – The Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, the first operational aircraft initially designed around stealth technology, makes its first flight.

1982 – Italian banker Roberto Calvi's body is discovered hanging beneath Blackfriars Bridge in London, England.

1983 – Space Shuttle program: STS-7, Astronaut Sally Ride becomes the first American woman in space.

1983 – Mona Mahmudnizhad, together with nine other women of the Baháʼí Faith, is sentenced to death and hanged in Shiraz, Iran over her religious beliefs.

1984 – A major clash between about 5,000 police and a similar number of miners takes place at Orgreave, South Yorkshire, during the 1984–85 UK miners' strike.

Modern World

1994 – The Troubles: Members of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) attack a crowded pub with assault rifles in Loughinisland, Northern Ireland. Six Catholic civilians are killed and five wounded. It was crowded with people watching the 1994 FIFA World Cup.

1998 – Propair Flight 420 crashes near Montréal–Mirabel International Airport in Quebec, Canada, killing 11.

2006 – The first Kazakh space satellite, KazSat-1 is launched.

2007 – The Charleston Sofa Super Store fire happened in Charleston, South Carolina, killing nine firefighters.

2009 – The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), a NASA robotic spacecraft is launched.

2018 – An earthquake of magnitude 6.1 strikes northern Osaka.

Featured

1815 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Waterloo results in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher forcing him to abdicate the throne of France for the second and last time.

Hey Mods and Admins,

We're here with an update to make it more clear how we categorize the different types of servers, how to recognize them, and what you can expect in those spaces.

💠 Friend Server
Friend Servers are invite-only spaces designed to discuss, connect, and share with your friends or smaller groups. Invite links in Friend servers will expire at a maximum of 30 days, though previously created non-expiring links will remain active and functional.

Friend Servers who wish to have access to Community features https://support.discord.com/hc/en-us/articles/360047132851-Enabling-Your-Community-Server may opt-in to become a Community Server at any time in server settings.

💠Community Server
Community Servers are spaces designed for people to share, connect, and learn from others all over the world who share common interests. Moderators in Community Servers have access to tools like Server Insights, Raid Protection, Rules, and Onboarding.

Becoming a Community Server does not mean that anyone can find or join your server. Prospective members have to be sent an invite link.

💠Updating Server Badging
In order for users to know what type of server they’re in, we’ve introduced badges for Community Servers.

We will display a distinct server badge if the server is a
* Community Server
* Discoverable Community
* Partnered Server
* Verified Server

Hovering over the badge will provide more detailed information about the server type, whether anyone can join the server, and the Boost level. Communities that previously had the “Public” tag will now have a “Discoverable Community” badge (denoted by a globe).

For more information on our approach to safety across server types, please visit our Safety Center. https://discord.com/safety/360043709612-our-policies