https://youtu.be/Vff-1u8Jh_4
On balance volume does not multiply volume by the size of a price change. This historical Salesforce IEX replay uses completed five minute bars from October eighth, twenty twenty six. The prior close is two twenty two point five nine. The next close is two twenty three point eight six. The close rose by one dollar twenty seven cents. Recorded vo...
https://youtu.be/TfOGWwa20P4
Core inflation does not mean food stopped costing money. The common core consumer price measure excludes food and energy. Headline inflation includes those categories. The exclusion changes the measurement; it does not erase household expenses. Consider two explicitly hypothetical spending baskets. One household spends forty dollars of every hun...
https://youtu.be/dZa9P3xMpwM
A foreign investment can rise locally while losing dollars. In this hypothetical unhedged example, a holding worth one hundred euros rises ten percent to one hundred ten euros. Initially, one euro buys one dollar. Now suppose one euro buys ninety cents. The holding converts to ninety nine dollars, versus the original one hundred dollars. The dol...
https://youtu.be/XVYzTOjfTnA
A candle without visible wicks does not prove price moved only one way. This historical UnitedHealth IEX five minute bar opened at three seventy one point four seven and closed at three seventy two point two five. The recorded low equals the open, and the high equals the close. Its body and full range both measure seventy eight cents. Those four...
https://youtu.be/cgf0bU-vb-8
A high low midpoint is not automatically the median transaction price. This historical Salesforce IEX example uses a completed five minute bar from October eighth, twenty twenty six. Its high is two twenty three point eight six; its low is two twenty two point eight two. Add those extremes to get four forty six point six eight, then divide by tw...
https://youtu.be/xld0hKlHILU
Adding signed returns can hide movement that cancels. This historical Broadcom IEX example uses five completed five minute closes from October eighth, twenty twenty six. Five closes provide four consecutive log returns. Each is the natural logarithm of the next close divided by the previous close. For this declared twenty minute window, square e...
https://youtu.be/4-idqfpe83I
A higher total success rate can hide lower rates in every subgroup. In a hypothetical comparison, approach A succeeds in eighty of one hundred easier cases. Approach B succeeds in nine of ten: eighty percent versus ninety percent. For harder cases, A succeeds in one of ten, while B succeeds in twenty of one hundred: ten percent versus twenty per...
https://youtu.be/hLHCnD11UKw
A fifty percent markup does not mean a fifty percent gross margin. Imagine a hypothetical product costs eighty dollars and sells for one hundred twenty dollars. Gross profit is forty dollars before overhead, interest and taxes. Markup divides that forty dollar gross profit by the eighty dollar cost. It is fifty percent. Gross margin divides the ...
https://youtu.be/xhokIuL21RY
Adding returns across time requires the right definition. This historical Johnson and Johnson IEX example uses three completed five minute closes from October eighth, twenty twenty six: two fifty two point eight eight five, two fifty three point seven five, and two fifty four point seven two. Take the natural logarithm of each next close divided...
https://youtu.be/v_zn-U2Pba8
A fitted trend value is not an observed trade. This historical JPMorgan IEX example uses five completed five minute closes from October eighth, twenty twenty six. Number the bars zero through four, oldest to newest. Their average index is two; average close is three twenty seven point nine four eight. For a least squares straight line, divide th...
https://youtu.be/BrysFz_6qaI
A weighted moving average needs its weights declared. This historical Alphabet IEX example uses five completed five minute closes from October eighth, twenty twenty six. We assign weights one, two, three, four and five from oldest to newest. Their sum is fifteen. Multiply each close by its weight, add the products, and divide by fifteen. The fiv...
https://youtu.be/sdGBAMPZOCo
An outside candle can expand both ways without scoring positive directional movement on both sides. This historical Costco IEX example compares two completed five minute bars from October eighth, twenty twenty six. The previous high is nine forty seven point four one; the new high is nine forty seven point nine nine five. That upward extension i...
https://youtu.be/IKWv54KTmuw
Selling an ETF share on an exchange is different from redeeming shares directly with the fund. Retail investors generally trade individual shares in the secondary market. Authorized participants can create or redeem large blocks under agreements with the fund. Imagine a hypothetical creation unit of fifty thousand shares and net asset value of t...
https://youtu.be/Mcle-5aOv9w
RSI does not count the percentage of winning candles. This historical Bank of America IEX example uses completed five minute closes from October eighth, twenty twenty six. We seed fourteen period average gains and losses with the first fourteen changes, then use Wilder updates. At the highlighted bar, smoothed average gain is approximately zero ...
https://youtu.be/VTwjGltpgNg
Equal yield changes can produce unequal dollar price changes. Consider a hypothetical default free, noncallable zero coupon bond paying one hundred dollars in three years. Use annual compounding and hold the remaining maturity fixed. At a five percent yield, its price is about eighty six dollars thirty eight cents. At four percent, it is eighty ...
https://youtu.be/98owZ_btjxg
Start with the index, then the sector, then the stock. October 12 shows why: SOXX fell 2.60% while SPY slipped just 0.06%. A favorite ticker can be in the wrong part of the market for the setup you want.
This HPT recap explains index membership and weight, sector and industry comparisons, IGV/SOXX and SOXX/QQQ relative strength, breadth, peer s...
https://youtu.be/UU_H_9R8FxQ
Two average true ranges do not automatically create a ninety five percent probability interval. This historical Microsoft IEX replay uses completed five minute bars from October eighth, twenty twenty six. We declare a twenty period close EMA seeded at the first available close, and twenty period Wilder ATR seeded with twenty true ranges. At the ...
https://youtu.be/e_fedpySxJU
A more precise average does not mean individual returns became calmer. Consider a hypothetical sample of independent observations with a sample standard deviation of two percentage points. With twenty five observations, the estimated standard error of the mean is zero point four percentage points. Hold that sample standard deviation fixed for co...
https://youtu.be/R7RSUKUhwhE
A Heikin Ashi close is a calculated average, not the last observed trade price. The chart here remains standard observed candles. This historical Deere IEX example uses a closed five minute interval from October eighth, twenty twenty six. The interval opens at six forty three point seven six five. Its high is six forty four point one five, its l...
https://youtu.be/TJmX6kBlnuo
Profit margin does not tell you how long cash stays tied up in operations. A simplified cash conversion cycle adds inventory days and receivable days, then subtracts payable days. It estimates the timing between paying suppliers and collecting sales cash. Imagine inventory lasts fifty days, customers pay thirty days after sale, and suppliers are...
https://youtu.be/BS6mJvdMTF8
A dollar range needs a price denominator before comparing differently priced stocks. This historical Exxon Mobil IEX example uses completed five minute bars from October eighth, twenty twenty six. We seed fourteen period Wilder ATR with the first fourteen available true ranges, then update recursively. At the highlighted bar, ATR is approximatel...
https://youtu.be/GOZwEXeHEuw
A fund can track consistently and still lag its benchmark. Tracking difference describes a return gap over a stated period. Tracking error measures variability of periodic fund minus benchmark returns. Those are different questions. Imagine four hypothetical monthly active returns, each negative one tenth of a percentage point. Their variation a...
https://youtu.be/rDMByxUOn-I
The MACD line and its histogram subtract different things. This historical AMD IEX example uses completed five minute closes from October eighth, twenty twenty six. We declare twelve and twenty six period exponential averages, seeded at the first available close. The signal is a nine period exponential average of their difference, seeded at zero...
https://youtu.be/jNESODAk0yo
A call premium and a put premium are connected through more than their difference. Consider a hypothetical European call and put on the same underlying, with the same strike and expiration. Assume no dividends and an ideal market without transaction costs or borrowing restrictions. The stock costs one hundred dollars. The strike is one hundred d...
https://youtu.be/8wv6Jg9ISHg
Testing twenty ideas gives noise twenty chances to look convincing. Consider a hypothetical example where every null hypothesis is true. Each test has a five percent false positive rate, and all twenty tests are independent. These are declared assumptions, not facts about trading strategies. The chance of no false positives is zero point nine fi...
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